Walter Henry Nipper was born on 21st September 1900 in Bleadon, Somerset. The oldest of four children, his parents were Gilfred and Rose Nipper. Gilfred was an agricultural labourer turned butcher and poultry dealer, and, by the time of the 1911 census, he had set up a retail business in the middle of the village.
Walter turned to farm work when he finished his schooling, but with war raging across Europe, he seems to have been one of the young men desperate not to miss out on the action. On 16th September 1918, just five days before he turned 18, Walter enlisted in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. His service records confirm that he stood just 5ft 1.5ins (1.56m) tall, had black hair, hazel eyes and a fresh complexion. The document also noted that he had a scar on the back of his right hand.
Ordinary Seaman Nipper was sent to HMS Victory VI, the shore-based training vessel in Crystal Palace, Surrey, for his induction. It is likely that, when he left Somerset for the capital, that was the last time his parents saw him. Billeted in cramp barracks, with young men from across the country, Walter fell ill: he passed away on 10th October, just 24 days after joining up. He was barely 18 years of age.
Walter Henry Nipper’s body was brought back to Somerset for burial. He was laid to rest in the tranquil graveyard of St Peter and St Paul’s Church in his home village.
Bertie Baden Clark was born on 5th August 1900 in the hamlet of Dunball, near Puriton in Somerset. The third of seven children, his parents were quarry and cement works labourer George Clark and his wife, Bessie.
When war came to Europe, George stepped up to play his part. Despite being 44 years old, he enlisted in the Royal Army Service Corps on 4th November 1915 and, within a year, was in France. He remained posted at the No. 4 Remount Depot until October 1918.
“On the morning of the 1st October 1918, I left the 26th Squadron 4 Base Remount Depot riding a horse and leading one to exercise about a mile & half from the Squadron while proceeding by the side of the railway line my horse was frightened by the whistle of a railway engine & ran away with me throwing me to the road and stepping on my right ankle.”
Private Clark was initially treated at the No. 2 Canadian General Hospital, but was soon invalided back to Britain and placed on furlough until being formally demobbed from the army early in 1919.
Bertie, meanwhile, could see the excitement of the war passing him by. Determine to play is part before it was too late, he gave up his job as a labourer on 13th July 1918 and enlisted in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve.
Given the rank of Ordinary Seaman, his service records confirm that he was 5ft 6in (1.68m) tall (1in, or 2.5cm, taller than his father), with dark brown hair, grey eyes and a fresh complexion. He was noted as having a scar on his right knee.
Bertie was sent to HMS Victory, the Royal Naval Dockyard in Portsmouth, Hampshire, for training. Tragically, this was to be his only posting. He was admitted to the dockyard hospital early in October, suffering from double pneumonia and influenza. The condition was to take his life, and he passed away on 10th October 1918, at the age of just 18 years old.
Bertie Baden Clark’s body was brought back to Somerset for burial. He was laid to rest in the quiet graveyard of St Michael’s Church in Puriton, the funeral attended by his family, including his recently returned father, George.
Herbert Austin Fry was born on 30th January 1889 in the Somerset village of Moorlinch. He was the fifth of ten children and his parents were Joseph and Ellen Fry. Joseph was a farmer, and by the time Herbert was just two years old, the family had moved to Sutton Farm, in nearby Sutton Mallet.
The whole family chipped in to play their part on the farm, and, even before he finished his schooling, this was something that Herbert was also destined to do.
When war came to Europe, Herbert was keen to play his part. He enlisted in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve on 7th September 1916 as an Ordinary Seaman. His service records give a hint as to the young man he had become: he was 5ft 11ins (1.8m) tall, with sandy hair, blue eyes and a fair complexion.
Ordinary Seaman Fry was initially sent to HMS Victory – the Royal Naval Dockyard in Portsmouth, Hampshire – for training. Over the next year, he was given two sea-going postings, before returning to HMS President in London in September 1917.
On 31st October, Herbert boarded SS Dunrobin, a merchant ship. Having sailed to Almeria in Spain, she was returning to Britain, with a cargo of iron ore and grapes. On 24th November 1917, while 49 miles (79km) south-west of The Lizard in Cornwall, the Dunrobin was torpedoed by a German submarine. She sunk, and 31 lives – including that of Ordinary Seaman Fry – were lost. Herbert was 28 years of age.
Herbert Austin Fry’s body was recovered and brought back to Somerset for burial. He was laid to rest in the peaceful Sutton Mallet Churchyard.
William Bruton was born on 9th August 1899, the oldest of two children to William and Kate Bruton. William Sr was a grocer from Charlcombe to the north of Bath, Somerset, but it was in the Walcot area of Bath itself that the family settled.
Kate died in November 1904, at the age of just 35 years old, and William Sr raised his children on his own. He married a second time, to Edith Elly in 1910, and the couple went on to have a daughter, Mona, the following year.
William Jr – who was known as Willie, to avoid confusion with his father – was still in school at the time of the 1911 census, but when he left a few years later, he found work as an engine cleaner. War had come to Europe by this point, but to begin with Willie was too young to play his part.
He finally got his chance to enlist towards the end of the conflict, and joined the Royal Navy as an Ordinary Seaman on 18th July 1918. His service document record that Willie was 5ft 11ins (1.8m) tall, with brown hair, hazel eyes and a fresh complexion. He was also noted as having a scar on his upper lip.
Ordinary Seaman’s first posting was to be HMS Victory, the Royal Naval Dockyard in Portsmouth, and, tragically, this was also to be his last. Within a matter of weeks he had contracted pneumonia, and he passed away from the condition on 12th September 1918. He was just 19 years of age.
William Bruton was brought back to Somerset for burial. He was laid to rest in the family plot in Lansdown Cemetery, overlooking the city of his birth.
Alfred Henry Collins was born on 22nd August 1886, in the Gloucestershire village of Wotton-under-Edge. One of five children, his parents were cowman and farm labourer Samuel George Collins and his wife, Jane. Samuel’s work took the family south, and by the time of the 1901 census, the Collinses had settled in Whitchurch, near Bristol.
When Alfred finished his schooling, he also found employment labouring on a farm, but he was drawn to a more reliable career and a life at sea. On 9th March 1903, Alfred enlisted in the Royal Navy. His service records show the young man he was becoming. He was 5ft 4ins tall, with brown hair, brown eyes and a fresh complexion.
Alfred was still underage in the navy’s eyes, and so he was given the rank of Boy 2nd Class. He was assigned to HMS Northampton, a training ship, and must have shown some promise, as within three months he had been promoted.
In June 1903, Boy 1st Class Collins was assigned to HMS Victory, the Royal Naval Dockyard in Portsmouth, Hampshire, and his trajectory was still upwards. When he turned seventeen on 22nd August, Alfred was formally enrolled in the Royal Navy, and was given the rank of Ordinary Seaman. However, his training in Portsmouth continued, and by November he had become a Signalman.
In December 1903 he was posted to the cruiser HMS Isis and, over the next decade he served on ten different ships, returning to HMS Vivid, the Royal Naval Dockyard in Devonport, in between voyages. During this time he was promoted to Leading Signalman, and his annual reviews showed him as having a very good character and a superior ability.
With war now brewing across Europe, the role of the navy intensified. When conflict was declared, Leading Signalman Collins was serving on board the cruiser HMS Pomone and, after nine months back at HMS Vivid, possibly in a training role, Alfred was assigned to the newly-refitted battleship HMS Bellerophon, on board which he would serve for more than two years.
Bellerophon served at the Battle of Jutland, and remained patrolling the southern part of the North Sea for the rest of the war. In July 1917, Alfred was promoted again, to Yeoman of the Signals, and transferred to HMS King George. He remained in the North Sea, but his new ship was there to protect the convoys transporting good between the UK and Norway, so he was based in Scotland.
Yeoman of the Signals Collins survived the war, but in February 1919 he was admitted to the Royal Naval Hospital in Granton, near Edinburgh, suffering from pneumonia. Sadly, the condition was to get the better of him and he died on 14th February 1919, at the age of 32 years old. He had served for just short of sixteen years.
The body of Alfred Henry Collins was brought back to Somerset for burial. He was laid to rest in the graveyard of St Nicholas’ Church in Whitchurch.
William Charles Green was born on 27th December 1897, one of five children – and the only son – to William and Mary Green. The family’s backstory is a bit hard to decipher.
William Sr was born in the Bath Union Workhouse in 1869 and the only details of his parentage comes in his marriage certificate, which suggests that his father was also called William Green, who was deceased. The same document records the groom as being a miner, and that he and Mary were living in Widcombe, Bath.
The Greens do not appear on the 1901 census – or at least that census record for them is lost to time. The next census return, in 1911, does have the family recorded as living in three room in St George’s Place, Widcombe. This particular census was the first to put the onus on the resident to complete the form, and, in William Green Sr’s case, this has led to a handful of anomalies in the record.
William Sr notes his trade as “going out with commercial travellers and hotel work also”. He confirms that he was “Somerset-born”, but suggests that Mary was born in “South Wells” (a spelling error, which should be South Wales), even though her birth and marriage certificate confirm she came from Bath.
The Greens certainly spent some time in Wales – their eldest daughter was born in Merthyr Tydfil, while William Sr was working as a miner there. By the time of William Jr’s birth, however, the family seem to have returned to England – he is recorded as coming from Bath.
William was 13 years old at the time of the 1911 census, and still at school. When he left education, he found work at a fishmonger, but with war closing in on Europe by this point, he was keen to serve his King and Country.
On 7th May 1915, William enlisted in the Royal Navy and, as he was just under age, he was given the rank of Boy 2nd Class. His service records note that he was 5ft 1in (1.55m) tall, with brown hair, blue eyes and a fresh complexion. Intriguingly the records give the place of his birth as Aberdare, Glamorganshire, but whether it is this document or the 1911 census that is incorrect is impossible to confirm.
Boy Green was initially sent to HMS Impregnable, the training establishment based in Devonport, Devon. He spent four months there and, on the day he was promoted to Boy 1st Class, he was assigned to HMS Defiance, the navy’s Torpedo School, off the Plymouth coast. In October 1915 he was assigned to HMS Fox, and remained on board for the next three years.
Fox was a cruiser that patrolled the seas from the East Indies to Egypt and the Red Sea. While on board, William came of age, and was formally enrolled in the Royal Navy as an Ordinary Seaman. With a character that was classed very good, even if his ability was noted as satisfactory, within eighteen months he was promoted again, to Able Seaman.
In August 1918, William was assigned to HMS Mantis, a river gunboat that patrolled the Tigris around Baghdad. He remained on board until the end of the year, when he was assigned to HMS Vivid, the Royal Naval Dockyard in Plymouth.
Over the next fifteen months, Able Seaman Green’s time was split between Plymouth and HMS Columbine, the naval base at Port Edgar on the Firth of Forth. It was when he was back in Devon, early in 1920, however, that he fell ill.
Able Seaman Green had contracted influenza, which had developed into pneumonia, and it was the combination of lung conditions that was to ultimately take his life. He passed away at the naval base on 5th March 1920, at the age of just 22 years old.
William Charles Green’s body was brought back to Somerset for burial. He was laid to rest in St James Cemetery, Bath, to be reunited with his parents when William Sr died in 1938 and Mary passed away in 1959.
Jesse Baber was born on 28th February 1889 and was the youngest of thirteen children to John and Jane Baber. John was a farm labourer from Westcombe in Somerset, and it was in this village that he and Jane raised their family.
Jesse chose not to follow his father and siblings into farm work and instead, on 6th October 1906, he enlisted in the Royal Navy. As he was underage for full service at the time, he was given the rank of Boy 2nd Class and sent to HMS Ganges, a training establishment on the outskirts of Ipswich, Suffolk. His service records confirm that he was 5ft 5.5ins (1.66m) tall at the time of joining. He was also noted as having dark brown hair, grey eyes and a fresh complexion, with a mole on his right cheek being highlighted as a distinguishing mark.
Boy Baber spent six months at HMS Ganges, and was promoted to Boy 1st Class for his commitment. He was then transferred to HMS London, a dreadnaught battleship for a further six months. During his time on board, Jesse came of age, and was formally enrolled in the Royal Navy with the rank of Ordinary Seaman.
Over the next eight years, Jesse served on eleven different vessels, sailing between his British base of HMS Vivid in Devonport and the East Indies. His service seems to have generally been very good – he was promoted to Able Seaman in February 1909 – although he did spend five days in the brig in July 1912 for reasons unrecorded.
When war broke out, the ships that Able Seaman Baber served on patrolled the waters of the Mediterranean. In the summer of 1916, while on board HMS Dartmouth, he contracted malaria. Jesse was admitted to a hospital in Malta, where he remained for six weeks, and was then sent on leave home to recover.
He arrived at Castle Cary [in Somerset] on the evening of the 23rd August, on a visit to his sister, in a very serious condition, being practically in a state of collapse. Medical attention was immediately obtained, but his condition was hopeless, and he lay in an unconscious condition until Friday September 1st, when he expired, death being due to meningitis, following malaria.
[Shepton Mallet Journal: Friday 15th September 1916]
Jesse Baber was 27 years old when he passed away. He was laid to rest in the quiet graveyard of St Mary’s Church in Batcombe, not far from where his mother, who was now 74 years old, was living.
William Stringer was born in Warlingham, Surrey, on 4th December 1885, and was one of nine children to Stephen and Jane Stringer. Stephen was a carter, but is seems that William wanted an escape.
On 18th April 1901, he enlisted in the Royal Navy and, because of his age, he was granted the rank of Boy 2nd Class. He was initially sent to HMS Impregnable, the school ship, and remained there for just over a year, during which his hard work paid off and he was promoted to Boy 1st Class.
His basic training complete, and after a short stint at HMS Vivid, the Royal Naval Dockyard at Devonport, he was assigned to HMS Collingwood. Over the next couple of years, William served on a couple more vessels and, in 1903, when he came of age, he was formally inducted into the navy, and given the rank of Ordinary Seaman.
William’s service records show that he was 5ft 4ins (1.63m) tall, had auburn hair, brown eyes and a fresh complexion. For distinguishing marks, he was noted as having two dots on his left forearm and scars on his legs.
Now that he was tied to a twelve year contract, Ordinary Seaman Stringer’s seems to have viewed his life in a different light. His ‘very good’ conduct quickly changed to ‘fair’ and, at the end of 1904, he spent two separate stints in the cells, presumably because of his attitude or behaviour.
This shock to the system seems to have been what William needed, however, as in 1905, he took to the new role, and his ratings improved once more. Over the next couple of years, he served on HMS Montagu and HMS Diamond, returning to Devonport in between voyages. In January 1907 he was promoted again, this time to Able Seaman, but, as with the previous promotion, things began to go downhill again.
In March, he spent two weeks in Diamond’s brig, a punishment that was repeated in September. The following month Able Seaman Stringer’s service records not his character as ‘indifferent’ and, the following month he was discharged from the Royal Navy, having refused to work for 42 days.
It was while he was serving on board HMS Diamond that William met Lena Cropp, who was presumably working in one of the ports on the South Coast. She was the daughter of labourer Jesse Cropp and his wife, Philadelphia. When Jesse died in 1897, Philadelphia married bricklayer James Smith, who had boarded with the family for a number of years.
William and Lena had a son, Joseph, on Christmas Day 1907. Now removed from the Navy, William moved his young family back to Surrey, where he found work as a cowman, and Lena took in laundry to bring in an extra income. The couple went on to marry in 1911, and went on to have two further children – Elsie, who was born in 1912, but who died when just a toddler; and Gladys, who was born in the summer of 1918.
When war closed in on Europe, something of a sense of duty must have pulled on William. He enlisted in the summer of 1915, joining the East Surrey Regiment. He seems to have quickly transferred across to the Labour Corps, and arrived in France on 15th July.
It is unclear for how long Private Stringer served in France, but at some point he returned to Britain. In October 1918, he was admitted to the War Hospital in Bath, suffering from stomach problems. His health was to prove his undoing, and he passed away from a biliary calculi peritonitis on 8th October 1918, at the age of 34 years of age.
Finances may have been tight for Lena, as William was buried in the city where he died, rather than being brought back to Surrey, where she was living. Because of this, it is unlikely that he ever met his daughter, who had been born just two months before.
William Stringer was laid to rest in the Roman Catholic Cemetery in Bath.
William’s Pension Ledger notes Lena as his widow, but only mentions one child – Joseph – as a dependent. The document also records him as an illegitimate stepchild, as he had been born a couple of years before the couple married.
The record notes that it, while Joseph’s legitimacy meant he was not eligible for a share of his William’s pension, it had been decided that the basic rate should be provided while he remained in Lena’s care.
Samuel Inkerman Bailey was born in the summer of 1861 in Bath, Somerset. The youngest of five children, his parents were James and Mary Bailey. James was an ostler, or groom, but he died in August 1862, when his son was barely a year old.
Mary was left a widow, with a young family to raise and, as so many women in her position did in Victorian Britain, she remarried. She wed tailor Robert Lankesheer, a widower with four children of his own. The couple went on to have three further children – three half-siblings to Samuel.
While the 1871 census suggests that Robert welcomed Mary’s youngest into the family home, it seems that things were not so comfortable for Samuel. On 22nd May 1878, he enlisted in the Royal Navy, destined for a life at sea. He was only 16 years old at this point – although, interestingly, his service records give his date of birth as 27th March 1862. They also note that he was 5ft 2.5ins (1.59m) tall, with light brown hair, blue-grey eyes and a fair and fresh complexion.
As he was too young to formally enlist, Samuel was given the rank of Boy 2nd Class and sent to HMS Impregnable for training. Just over a year later, he was promoted to Boy 1st Class and, on 10th January 1880 he was given his first posting, on board the sloop HMS Dryad.
It was while Samuel was on board the Dryad that he came of age, and was officially inducted into the Royal Navy. He signed up for ten years service, and was given the rank of Ordinary Seaman 2nd Class. Samuel was certainly a dedicated young man: within three months he was again promoted, this time to Ordinary Seaman. He remained on Dryad until February 1884, by which time he had been promoted again, to Able Seaman.
Samuel ended up serving until 31st March 1900. During his time with the Royal Navy, he continued to distinguish himself, his character being noted as Very Good on each of his service reviews. He served on thirteen vessels, and was promoted through the ranks, to Leading Seaman (in August 1885), Petty Office 2nd Class (in January 1894) and Petty Officer 1st Class (in September 1897).
When he was stood down to the naval reserve, Samuel returned to Somerset. He found a job as a superintendent at the public baths in Bathwick and, on 15th April 1901, he married former housemaid and agricultural labourer’s daughter, Alice Clarke. As Samuel’s house came with his job, the couple set up home there, and went on to have five children: Samuel Jr, Emma, James, Alice and Joseph.
When war broke out, Samuel has been stood down from reserve status for more than two years. This did not stop him from stepping up to play his part again, however, and as Petty Officer 1st Class, he took up a training role at HMS Victory, the Royal Naval Dockyard in Portsmouth. He served for just over fourteen months, before he became ill, passing away from intestinal disease – which an inquest identified as ptomaine poisoning – at the city’s Royal Naval Hospital. He was 54 years of age.
Reporting on his death, the local newspaper recognised his fifteen years’ service at the public baths, as well as picking up on the fact that his unusual middle name was given to him in recognition of the death of his great uncle in the battle of that name during the Crimean War.
The same report outlined his dedicated naval career, although not always being correct with all of the details. It did note, however “two years or more on the Royal Yacht ‘Victoria & Albert,’ when used by Queen Victoria, a testament to the reliance placed in his trustworthiness.” [Bath Chronicle and Weekly Gazette: Saturday 16th October 1915] The then Able Seaman Bailey’s service records do note that he served aboard the Victoria & Albert, from 18th March to 11th May 1885, although whether the Queen sailed on her during this time is not known.
Samuel Inkerman Bailey was brought back to Somerset for burial. He was laid to rest in the Smallcombe Vale Cemetery in Bathwick, the community he had served for so long.
Petty Officer 1st Class Samuel Bailey (from ancestry.co.uk)
John Griffin was born on 26th November 1885, one of six children to John and Mary Griffin. John Sr was a shoemaker from Limerick, Ireland, but it was in neighbouring County Clare, in the coastal town of Kilrush, that he and Mary raised their family.
John Jr’s siblings found labouring work when they left school, but he was after bigger and better things. In July 1901 he enlisted in the Royal Navy, set for a life at sea. As he was only fifteen years old at this point, he was not formally enrolled in service, but given the rank of Boy 2nd Class. He was initially posted to the training ship HMS Black Prince, which was based in Queenstown – now Cobh – County Cork.
Boy Griffin spent nine months on board the Black Prince, rising to the rank of Boy 1st Class in the process. In May 1902 he was given his first posting, aboard the battleship HMS Minotaur. After six months he transferred to the frigate HMS Agincourt, before moving again – to HMS Russell – on 18th February 1903.
It was while John was assigned to this battleship that he came of age. On his eighteenth birthday, he was formally enlisted into the Royal Navy for a period of 12 years’ service. He was given the rank of Ordinary Seaman and his records give an indication of the man he had become. They note that he was 5ft 4.5ins (1.64m) tall, with dark brown hair, brown eyes and a fresh complexion.
In April 1904, Ordinary Seaman Griffin was transferred to the battleship HMS Queen. He spent two years on board, gaining a further promotion – to Able Seaman – in September 1905.
Over the next nine years, John served on seven further vessels and, when not at sea, was based primarily at HMS Vivid, the Royal Naval Dockyard in Plymouth/Devonport, Devon. In July 1914, with Europe on the brink of war, he was given another transfer, to the battleship HMS Bulwark. Boarding in Portsmouth, Hampshire, the ship sailed to the North Kent coast, off Sheerness.
Able Seaman Griffin was on board Bulwark when, on the morning of 26th November 1914, an explosion ripped through the ship, tearing it apart and sinking it. In all 741 souls were lost, John among them. He should have been celebrating his 29th birthday.
The majority of those who died in the explosion aboard HMS Bulwark were buried in a mass grave in Woodland Cemetery, Gillingham, Kent. John’s body, however, was not recovered until 24th January 1915, some two months after the explosion.
The sixteenth inquest on the victims of the Bulwark disaster was held at Chatham Naval Hospital on Monday. A body clothed in the dress of a patty officer was identified as that of Thomas Henry Treacher, who was a gun-layer. Two stokers were identified by marks on their clothing as Daniel Johnson, of Blackfields, Co. Kerry. and Edward Henry Buckingham of Nunhead, London, and an able seaman’s body proved to be that of John Griffin, of Kilrush, Co. Clare. The jury returned a verdict of accidental death in each case. Twenty-five bodies have now been recovered.
Westerham Herald: Saturday 30th January 1915
John Griffin was laid to rest in a marked grave in Woodlands Cemetery, not far from his fellow servicemen.
Death and Service 